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τι τῶν ἐχθρῶν

  • 1 τὶς

    τὶς, τὶ, gen. τινός, dat. τινί, acc. τινά, τὶ (Hom.+) enclitic, indefinite pronoun (W-S. §26, 1–4; B-D-F §301 al.; Rob. 741–44)
    a ref. to someone or someth. indefinite, anyone, anything; someone, something; many a one/thing, a certain one
    subst.
    α. τὶς, τινές
    א. someone, anyone, somebody Mt 12:29, 47; Mk 8:4; 9:30; 11:16; Lk 8:46; 9:57; 13:6, 23; J 2:25; 6:46; Ac 5:25; 17:25; Ro 5:7ab; 1 Cor 15:35; 2 Cor 11:20 (five times); Hb 3:4; Js 2:18; 2 Pt 2:19 al. Pl. τινές some, a number of (people—supplied as in Appian, Hann. 47 §203 λαβών τινας=he received some, i.e. people; TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 20 [Stone p. 84]; TestJob 9:8; Just., A I, 28, 2) Lk 13:1; Ac 15:1; Gal 2:12; 2 Th 3:11; anyone 2 Pt 3:9b (TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 24 [Stone p. 80] εἶδεν … τινὰς ἀπερχομένους εἰς ἔρημον τόπον).—In contrast to a majority made evident by the context some of those present (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 26 §119 ἔφερόν τινες) Mk 14:65; J 13:29a; of all (under consideration) 1 Cor 8:7; 9:22. ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν 2 Tim 2:18; AcPlCor 1:2.—W. partitive gen. (Diod S 2, 24, 4; Plut., Mor. 189a τῶν ἐχθρῶν τις; Epict. 2, 14, 1 τὶς τῶν Ῥωμαϊκῶν; TestReub 4:2 τινὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν; Ar. 12, 7 τινὲς … αὐτῶν; Just., A I, 27, 3; Tat. 36, 2) τὶς τῶν Φαρισαίων (some) one of the Pharisees, a Pharisee Lk 7:36. Cp. 11:45; Ac 5:15. τὶς ὑμῶν 1 Cor 6:1. Pl. τινὲς τῶν γραμματέων some (of the) scribes Mt 9:3. Cp. 12:38; 28:11; Mk 7:1f; 12:13; Lk 6:2; Ac 10:23; 12:1; 17:18a, 28; 1 Cor 10:7–10 al.—Also τὶς ἐκ (Plut., Galba 1065 [27, 2]; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 84 §343 τὶς ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς) τὶς ἐξ ὑμῶν Js 2:16; Hb 3:13; GJs 24:2. Pl. τινὲς ἐξ αὐτῶν (Jos., Bell. 1, 311; Just., D. 85, 1 τινὲς ἐξ ὑμῶν) Lk 11:15. Cp. J 6:64; 7:25, 44; 9:16; 11:37, 46; Ac 15:24.—τὶς ἐν ὑμῖν any one among you, any of you Js 5:13a, 14, 19. ἐν ὑμῖν τινες 1 Cor 15:12.—ταῦτά τινες ἦτε some of you were that sort of people 6:11 (οὗτος 1bζ). τινές described by a rel. clause (Dionysius Com. [IV B.C.] 11 εἰσίν τινες νῦν, οὓς …) Mk 9:1. τὶς in 14:47 is prob. not original (PDickerson, JBL 116, ’97, 302).
    ב. with suggestion of non-specificity in a context where an entity is specified to some extent τίς a certain pers., etc., of a definite pers. Lk 9:49; 2 Cor 2:5; 10:7; 11:21 (of an opponent as UPZ 146, 2 [II B.C.]; Sallust. 12 p. 24, 20; 24.—Artem. 4, 22 p. 214, 20ff τὶς … οὗ ἐγὼ καίπερ εὖ εἰδὼς τὸ ὄνομα οὐκ ἐπιμνησθήσομαι; Tat. 27, 1 [of Callimachus]). Pl. τινές certain people, etc. (Crates, Ep. 32 [p. 82 Malherbe]; Demosth. 25, 40, Ep. 3, 8; Diod S 15, 18, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 112 §470 ‘certain’ people who had conspired to cause trouble; Iambl., Myst. 1, 13 p. 43, 2 P.; Sallust. 4 p. 4, 28) Ro 3:8; 1 Cor 4:18; 15:34; 2 Cor 3:1; 1 Ti 1:3, 19 al.; 2 Pt 3:9a. W. a name added ἦν δέ τις ἀσθενῶν, Λάζαρος there was a man who was ill, named L. J 11:1 (begins like a story that originally circulated independently; cp. Alcman 84 Diehl2 ἦσκέ [=ἦν] τις Καφεὺς ἀνάσσων=there was once someone, named Capheus, who ruled). The name is also added in Ac 18:7. W. a subst. ptc. τινές εἰσι οἱ ταράσσοντες Gal 1:7 (cp. Lysias 19, 57 εἰσί τινες οἱ προαναλίσκοντες).
    ג. For εἷς τις s. εἷς 3c. For εἴ τις s. εἰ 7. ἐάν τις (TestAbr B 13 p. 118, 7 [Stone p. 84]; Just., D. 46, 1 ἐὰν δέ τινε) Mt 21:3a; 24:23; Mk 11:3; Lk 16:30; J 6:51 al.; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 1 Cor 8:10; 10:28; Col 3:13a; 1 Ti 1:8; 2 Ti 2:5; Js 2:14; 1J 2:1, 15; 4:20; Rv 3:20; 22:18f. ἐὰν μή τις if someone … not J 3:3, 5; 15:6; if no one Ac 8:31. τὶς w. a neg. no one, nobody οὐ … τὶς J 10:28. οὐδὲ … τὶς Mt 11:27; 12:19. οὔτε … τὶς Ac 28:21. οὐ … ὑπό τινος 1 Cor 6:12. μή τις that no one Mt 24:4; Mk 13:5; Ac 27:42; 1 Cor 1:15; 16:11; 2 Cor 8:20; 11:16a; Eph 2:9; 1 Th 5:15; Hb 4:11 al. πρὸς τὸ μή τινα 1 Th 2:9. ὥστε μὴ … τινά Mt 8:28.
    ד. The ptc. that belongs directly w. the indef. pron. is added w. the art. πρός τινας τοὺς πεποιθότας to some who put their trust Lk 18:9. Cp. 2 Cor 10:2; Gal 1:7; Col 2:8. But it also stands without the art: τινῶν λεγόντων when some were talking Lk 21:5. Cp. 1 Ti 6:10, 21; Hb 10:28.
    ה. corresponding τὶς … ἕτερος δέ someone … and another 1 Cor 3:4. τινὲς (μὲν) … τινὲς (δέ) Lk 9:7f; Phil 1:15 (τινὲς μὲν … τινὲς δέ as Diod S 12, 41, 6; Ar. 8, 2).
    ו. each one καθώς τις ἄξιός ἐστιν κατοικεῖν as each one deserves to dwell Hs 8, 2, 5a. Cp. 8, 4, 2. B-D-F §301, 2.
    β. τὶ, τινά
    א. something, anything ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ Mt 5:23. Cp. 20:20; Mk 8:23; 9:22; 13:15; Lk 7:40; 11:54; J 13:29a; 1 Cor 10:31 al.—W. partitive gen. (Diod S 20, 39, 3 τινὰ τῶν ἀφηρπασμένων=some of what had been seized [by the enemy]; Just., D. 2, 4 τὶ τῶν εἰς εὐδαιμονίαν συντελούντων something that contributes to happiness) τὶ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων Ac 4:32. Cp. Ro 15:18; Eph 5:27. τὶ ἀγαθοῦ Hs 5, 3, 3.
    ב. in negative statements not (nor) anything = nothing οὔτε … τὶ Ac 25:8. οὐδὲ … τὶ 1 Ti 6:7 (TestJob 11:12; cp. JosAs 10:20 μηδὲ … τινό).
    ג. τινὰ μὲν … τινὰ δέ some … others (w. ref. to πρόβατα and hence neut.) Hs 6, 2, 2.
    ד. On εἴ τι s. εἰ 7.
    ה. εἶναί τι be or amount to someth. Gal 2:6; 1 Cor 3:7. εἰ δοκεῖ τις εἶναί τι μηδὲν ὤν Gal 6:3 (s. 2 below and s. W-S. §26, 3).
    adj.
    α. some, any, a certain, though oft. omitted in transl. into Engl.; used with
    א. a subst. τὶς: ἱερεύς τις Lk 1:5; 10:31. ἀνήρ (a narrative begins in this way Syntipas p. 16, 4; 30, 3; 46, 16; 57, 1; Just., D. 81, 4 [of John]) Ac 3:2; 8:9a; 14:8. ἄνθρωπος Mt 18:12 (JosAs 28:4). κώμη Lk 17:12 (Just., A I, 34, 2). Cp. 7:2, 41; 18:2; J 4:46; Ac 27:8; Hb 4:7.—τὶ: ὕδωρ Ac 8:36. σκεῦος 10:11.
    ב. a proper name (X., Hell. 5, 4, 3; Jos., Ant. 12, 160; Ar. 10, 1 Ἥφαιστόν τινα; Just., A I, 26, 4 Μένανδρον … τινά; Ath. 12, 1 Μίνως τις) Σίμωνά τινα a certain Simon Lk 23:26; Ac 10:5f; Mk 15:21. Σίμων τις AcPlCor 1:2. Cp. Ac 21:16; 22:12; 25:19b.
    ג. an adj. or adjectival pron. μέγας Ac 8:9b. ἕτερός τις vs. 34 (GrBar 6:6; Just., D. 128, 4; Mel., P. 26, 180). τὶς ἕτερος Papias (2, 4). τὶς ἄλλος 1 Cor 1:16; Phil 3:4 (TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 7 [Stone p. 68] ἄλλο τι; TestJob 11:2 ἄλλοι τινές; Just., D. 6, 1 ἄλλο τι). τινὲς ἄλλοι (Diod S 5, 81, 4 ἄλλοι τινὲς [τ. ποιητῶν]; Jos., Ant. 8, 248; Just., D. 84, 4 ἄλλαι τινές) Ac 15:2. τὶ ἀγαθόν Ro 9:11; Hs 2:10. ἀσφαλές τι Ac 25:26. Cp. Hb 11:40.—In neg. statements (TestAbr A 8 p. 86, 3 [Stone p. 20]) not any = no Lk 11:36; Js 5:12.
    β. serving to moderate or heighten
    א. to moderate an expr. that is too definite (Just., D. 48, 1 [λόγος] … παράδοξός τις … δοκεῖ μοι εἶναι [your statement], in my judgment, does not make much sense; Diod S 1, 1, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 15 §65 οἷά τινες δορυφόροι=as a kind of bodyguard) ἀπαρχήν τινα a kind of first-fruits Js 1:18 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 39 §162 τὶς μετάνοια=something like remorse; 3, 77 §314 συγγνώμη τις=some kind of pardon).—So perh. δύο τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν several disciples, perhaps two Lk 7:18 (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 59 §245 δύο τινάς=a few [ships], about two; Jos., Ant. 16, 274). But the expr. in Ac 23:23 τινὰς δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν certainly means two, who simply cannot be more closely defined (s. W-S. §26, 1b; Rob. 742; Mlt-Turner 195).
    ב. w. adjectives of quality and quantity to heighten the rhetorical emphasis φοβερά τις ἐκδοχὴ κρίσεως Hb 10:27. βραχύ τι (only) a little 2:7, 9 (Ps 8:6).
    γ. of an indefinite quantity that is nevertheless not without importance, some, considerable χρόνον τινά (Diod S 13, 75, 6 μετά τινα χρόνον; Jos., Ant. 8, 398) Ac 18:23; 1 Cor 16:7. Cp. Ro 1:11, 13. μέρος τι 1 Cor 11:18.
    δ. τινές several (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 49 §202 ἱππεῖς τινες; Just., D. 50, 2 λόγους τινάς; Ath. 23, 1 τινὰς … ἐνεργείας) ἡμέρας τινάς Ac 9:19; 10:48; 15:36. γυναῖκές τινες Lk 8:2. Cp. Ac 15:2; 17:5f al.—On its position in the sentence s. W-S. §26, 4; B-D-F §473, 1; Rob. 743.
    a ref. to someone of prominence, a person of importance τὶς εἶναι τις to be a person of importance, to be somebody (Eur., El. 939; Theocr. 11, 79; Herodas 6, 54; Epict. 3, 14, 2, Ench. 13; Lucian, Lexiph. 22, Adv. Indoct. 1; Tat. 16, 2 εἶναί τινες; PGM 13, 288 ἐγώ εἰμί τις) λέγων εἶναί τινα ἑαυτόν claiming to be somebody Ac 5:36; IEph 3:1 (so also τὶ; s. 1aβה above; antonym s.v. οὐδείς 2bβ).—DELG. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τὶς

  • 2 περιγίγνομαι

    περιγίγνομαι, [dialect] Ion. and later [suff] περιβωμ-γίνομαι [pron. full] [γῑ], [tense] fut.
    A

    - γενήσομαι Th.4.27

    , etc.: [tense] aor.

    - εγενόμην Hdt.1.122

    , etc.: [tense] pf. - γέγονα ib.82, etc.;

    - γεγένημαι Th.1.69

    , etc.:— to be superior to others, prevail over, overcome: Constr. in full, c. gen. pers. et dat. rei,

    μήτι δ' ἡνίοχος περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο 11.23.318

    ;

    ὅσσον περιγιγνόμεθ' ἄλλων πύξ τε παλαισμοσύνῃ τε Od.8.102

    , cf. 252 ; πολυτροπίῃ τινὸς π. Hdt.2.121.έ, cf. Th.1.55, Pl.Ap. 22c ;

    τάχει τοσοῦτον π. τινός X.Cyr.3.1.19

    ;

    τῶν χρημάτων τῶν ἐν Δελφοῖς π. ταῖς ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων δαπάναις Isoc.5.54

    : c.acc. rei,

    δσα.. περιγένοιντο ἐμοῦ D.18.236

    ; τὰ Ὀλύμπια π. Plu.2.242b: c. gen. pers. only, Hdt.1.207, Ar.V. 604 ;

    π. καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν τῶν ἐχθρῶν Pl. R. 362b

    , etc.: c. acc. pers. (in an anacoluthon), κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν Ἕλληνας ὁμοφρονέοντας χαλεπὰ εἶναι π. Hdt.9.2 : abs., to be superior, prevail, Id.1.214, Th.4.27, etc.; π. τῇ συμβολῇ, τῷ πλῷ, Hdt.6.109, Th.8.104 ; π. πρός τινας, πρὸς τὰ ἀντιτεταγμένα, Id.1.69,5.111.
    2 of things, ἤν τι περιγίγνηται αὐτοῖς τοῦ πολέμου if they gain any advantage in the war, Id.6.8 ; π. ὑμῖν πλῆθος νεῶν you have a superiority in number of ships, Id.2.87 ; π. ἡμῖν μὴ προκάμνειν we have the advantage in not.., ib.39.
    II live over, survive, escape, Hdt.1.82, 122, Th.4.27, etc.; οἱ περιγενόμενοι the survivors, Hdt.5.64, etc.: c. gen. rei, περιεγένετο τούτον τοῦ πάθεος he survived, escaped from this disaster, ib.46 ; τῆς δίκης π. Pl.Lg. 905a ; ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων π. Th.2.49.
    3 of things, to be left over: hence, to be a result or consequence, ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων κινδύνων καὶ πόλει καὶ ἰδιώτῃ μέγισται τιμαὶ π. Th.1.144 ;

    ἀμαχητὶ π. τινί τι Id.4.73

    ; ἡ ἠθικὴ ἐξ ἔθους π. Arist. EN 1103a17 ; τί αὐτῷ περιγέγονεν ἐκ τῆς φιλοσοφίας ; D.L.2.68 ;

    περιεγένετο ὥστε καλῶς ἔχειν X.An.5.8.26

    ;

    τούτου μόνου περιγίγνεσθαι μέλλοντος, παθεῖν τι κακόν D.3.12

    ; ἐκ τούτων περιγίγνεταί τι the upshot of the matter is.., Id.8.53 ; τοῖς μὲν.. πεισθεῖσιν ἡ σωτηρία περιεγένετο to those who complied safety was the result, Id.18.80 ; περίεστι δέ μοι τοιαῦτα οἷα τοῖς κακόν τι νοοῦσιν ὑμῖν περιγένοιτο that is what I have got by the business, and I hope that your enemies may get the like , Id.Ep.3.36 ; ἀηδὴς δόξα τῇ πόλει παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς π. Id.Prooem. 23 ;

    ἡ ἐκ τῆς πραγματικῆς ἱστορίας περιγινομένη ἐμπειρία Plb.1.35.9

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιγίγνομαι

  • 3 ἐπικρατέω

    ἐπικρᾰτ-έω ([dialect] Aeol. [suff] ἐπικρᾰτ-κρετέω prob. in Alc.82),
    II. prevail in battle, be victorious, ἐπικρατέουσί περ ἔμπης [to them] though they are victorious as it is, Il.14.98, cf. Ar.Lys. 767; ἐ. ἢ ἀπόλλυσθαι conquer or die, Hdt.7.104; ἐ. τῇ

    στάσι Id.1.173

    ; ἐ. τὰ πλείω τοῦ πολέμου gain the advantage in most points in the war, Th.4.19.
    2. freq. c.gen., prevail over, get the mastery of an enemy,

    ἐ. μάχῃ τῶν Γελῴων Hdt.7.155

    ;

    τῶν ἐχθρῶν Id.8.94

    , Lys.34.4;

    τῆς τινων πονηρίας Id.22.16

    ; ἐ. αὐτῶν (- οῦ codd.) παρὰ τῷ βασιλέϊ, in a suit at law, Hdt.4.65;

    ἰσχυρὰ ἐ. ἀνδρὸς Ἀνάγκη Philet.8

    ;

    ἐ. τοῦ πυρός Hdt.1.86

    ;

    γήρως Pl.Lg. 752a

    ; ὑμῶν -ήσω τῷ

    κοάξ Ar.Ra. 267

    .
    3. rarely c. acc., master, conquer, τὰς τῆς φύσεως

    ἁμαρτίας Isoc.1.52

    ;

    δύο βασιλέας D.C.36.16

    :—[voice] Pass., - ηθεῖσα (sc. ἡ δεξιά), in left-handed persons, Sor.1.111.
    4. c. gen., become master of,

    τῶν πραγμάτων Hdt.4.164

    ;

    τῆς θαλάσσης Id.1.17

    ,al.; τῶν πολίων, τῶν νεῶν, Id.6.32, 115; τῆς ἀναγκαίου τροφῆς, τῆς ἀναβάσεως, Th.1.2,7.42;

    τῶν ἐρώτων Pi.N.8.5

    , etc.
    b. to be in possession of, [ οἰκίας]PRyl.160.3 (i A.D.), etc.
    5. generally, prevail, be superior,

    πλήθεϊ Hdt.5.2

    ;

    πολὺ τῷ ναυτικῷ Th.2.93

    ;

    τὰ πλείω τῷ πεζῷ Id.7.63

    ;

    κατὰ θάλασσαν X.HG7.1.6

    : c. inf., they carried the point that.., Th. 5.46;

    ἐπεκράτουν μὴ δέχεσθαι τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Id.6.74

    .
    b. metaph., prevail,

    τὸ ἀνθρώπινον ἦθος ἐπεκράτει Pl.Criti. 121b

    ;

    τὸ δίκαιον Men. Epit.16

    ; τὸ ψῦχος, τὸ ὑγρόν, Arist.Mete. 347b26, MM 1210a20; τὸ

    ὄνομα Plb.2.38.1

    ;

    ὁ λόγος D.S.5.62

    ;

    ὁ τραχὺς ἦχος Phld.Po.994.33

    .
    6. c. part., ἐ. διαιροῦντες succeed in keeping it open, Arist. GA 773a29.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπικρατέω

  • 4 καταμαντεύομαι

    A foretell against or about one,

    τι τῶν ἐχθρῶν J.BJ 4.4.6

    ; < αὐτὸς> αὑτοῦ σιωπὴν κ. Ath.15.686c; τοῦτο τῇ πόλει, c. [tense] fut. inf., App.Pun.77.
    2 divine, surmise,

    ἐκ τῶν προγεγονότων τὰ μέλλοντα -μαντευόμενοι κρίνομεν Arist.Rh. 1368a31

    ;

    κ. τὸ μέλλον Plb.2

    . 22.7, etc.: c. gen.,

    ἰητροῦ ἐστι -μαντεύσασθαι τῶν τοιούτων Hp.Art.9

    ;

    κ. τῆς τῶν ποιημάτων διανοίας Ath.14.634d

    ;

    τοῦ εἰκότως συμβαίνοντος Hierocl. in CA10p.437M.

    ;

    κ. περὶ τῶν γυναικῶν, ὁποῖαι.. Nicostr.

    ap.Stob.4.22.102, cf. Gal.15.907;

    ὑπέρ τινος Onos.36.2

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταμαντεύομαι

  • 5 πλεονεκτέω

    πλεονεκτ-έω, [tense] fut.
    A

    - ήσω Th.4.62

    , etc. ( πλέον ἐκτήσεται shd. be read in Pl.La. 192e):—Prose Verb, have or claim more than one's due, mostly in bad sense, to be greedy, grasping, Hdt.8.112, X.Mem.2.6.21, Pl.Grg. 483c, etc.
    2 also, gain or have some advantage, without any bad sense,

    δυνάμει τινὶ π. Th.4.62

    , cf. 86; opp. ἐλαττοῦσθαι, Arist.Rh. 1360a3;

    πολὺ ἐπλεονέκτει ὁ Πελοπίδας παρὰ τῷ Πέρσῃ X. HG7.1.34

    : abs., Arist.Rh. 1402b25, D.S.12.46;

    π. ἀπὸ τῶν μὴ καθηκόντων Plb.6.56.2

    : freq. with neut. Pron., π. ταῦτα, etc., Th.4.61, etc.
    3 c. gen. rei, have or claim a larger share of than others,

    τῶν ὠφελίμων Id.6.39

    ; τοῦ ἡλίου, τοῦ ψύχους, τῶν πόνων, X.Cyr.1.6.25, cf. Oec.7.26; δόξης, χάριτος, Arist.EN 1136b22, 1137a1.
    II c. gen. pers., have or gain the advantage over,

    τῶν ἐχθρῶν Pl.R. 362b

    , cf. Hyp.Lyc.8, etc.;

    παρά τινος X.Cyr.1.6.32

    (v.l.);

    παρ' ἀλλήλων Arist.Pol. 1292b19

    ; τινι in a thing, X.Cyr.4.3.21, etc.;

    κατά τι Pl. Euthphr. 15a

    ;

    περί τι Id.La. 183a

    ; also π. τῶν νόμων gain at the expense of the laws, Id.Lg. 691a; τῆς ὑμετέρας π. εὐηθείας take advantage of your simpleness, D.Prooem.24.
    2 later c. acc. pers., get or have the advantage over, D.H.9.7, Plu.Marc.29, Luc.Am.27: usu. in bad sense, overreach, defraud,

    πλεονεκτεῖν μηδένα Men.Mon. 259

    , cf. 1 Ep.Thess.4.6, 2 Ep.Cor.7.2, D.Chr.17.8, D.C.52.37: in early writers only [voice] Pass. in this sense,

    ὑπό τινων X.Mem.3.5.2

    ; πλεονεκτεῖσθαι χιλίαις δραχμαῖς to be defrauded in or of 1, 000 drachmae, D.41.25. In Th.1.77 πλεονεκτεῖσθαι is impers., to be an act of πλεονεξία.
    3 [voice] Pass., to be surpassed, excelled, τινι Apollod.Poliorc.173.5.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πλεονεκτέω

  • 6 ἐξουσία

    ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ (Soph., Thu.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 30, 1; Mel., P. 104, 810 [Bodm.]) from ἔξεστιν.
    a state of control over someth., freedom of choice, right (e.g., the ‘right’ to act, decide, or dispose of one’s property as one wishes: BGU 1158, 13 [9 B.C.] = Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 234, 13 legal t.t., esp. in wills: POxy 272, 13; BGU 183, 25 ἔχειν αὐτὴν τὴν ἐ. τῶν ἰδίων πάντων; PTebt 319, 21.—Sir 30:11) ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν have the right 2 Th 3:9 (Just., D 16, 4). W. inf. foll. (Teles p. 23, 14; 24, 11; Tob 2:13 S; 7:10 S) J 10:18; 1 Cor 9:4ff; Hb 13:10; Rv 13:5; B 4:2. W. obj. gen. foll. (τίς οὖν ἔτι ἔχει μου ἐξουσίαν; Epict. 3, 24, 70; διδόναι ἐξουσίαν τῶν πετεινῶν Did., Gen. 61, 24) εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐ. μετέχουσι 1 Cor 9:12. Also ἐ. ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς the right to the tree of life Rv 22:14. W. verbs of two constr. ἔχει ἐ. ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος the potter has a right over the clay, to make fr. the same lump Ro 9:21. ἐ. ἔχειν περί τινος (4 Macc 4:5) be at liberty w. regard to a thing (opp. ἀνάγκην ἔχειν) 1 Cor 7:37; cp. 8:9; ἐ. ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ a right in the gospel 9:18. ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐ. ὑπῆρχεν was at your disposal Ac 5:4 (Esth 4:17b; Appian, Liby. 52 §226 ἐν ἐ. εἶναι τί τινι=someth. is at someone’s disposal, is within one’s power).
    potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power (on capacity for someth. cp. Did., Gen. 162, 5: ἡ προσαιρέσεως ἐξουσία; cp. 1 Esdr 4:28, 40; 2 Macc 7:16 the king can do what he pleases because he has the capability for doing so) ἡ ἐ. τ. ἵππων ἐν τ. στόματι αὐτῶν ἐστιν Rv 9:19; cp. vs. 3; 13:2, 4; 18:1; Mt 9:8; Ac 8:19. W. inf. foll. to indicate the thing that one is able to do (En 25:4 ἅψασθαι; Diod S 4, 52, 4 ἀμύνασθαι εἶχεν ἐξουσίαν; Mel., P. 104 πάντα κρίνει); ἐκβάλλειν τ. δαιμόνια [b]Mk 3:15. ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τ. γέενναν Lk 12:5; cp. J 1:12; 7:1 v.l.; Rv 9:10; 11:6. W. gen. of the inf. foll. τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων Lk 10:19; ποιεῖν ἐ. exercise power Rv 13:12. ἐ. ἔχειν τινός have power over someone (Epict. 4, 12, 8) GPt 3:7; ἑαυτοῦ IPol 7:3; also ἐ. ἔχειν ἐπί τινος Rv 20:6; cp. AcPl Ha 1, 3. Esp. of God’s power (Theodor. Prodr. 5, 313 ἡ θεῶν ἐ.; Da 4:17; Jos., Ant. 5, 109; 18, 214) Lk 12:5 (cp. 2 Cl 5:4); Ac 1:7; Jd 25; Hs 9, 23, 4. πάντων τ. ἐξουσίαν power over all Hm 4, 1, 11; Hs 9, 28, 8. πᾶσα ἡ ἐ. 5, 7, 3 (En 9:5). τὴν κατὰ πάντων ἐ. MPol. 2:1. τέλους ἐ. power over the end PtK 2 p. 13, 22. ἐ. ἐπὶ τ. πληγάς control over the plagues Rv 16:9. Also of Satan’s power Ac 26:18; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.; B 2:1.—The power that comes fr. God can involve transcendent knowledge, and both may be expressed by ἐ. (Herm. Wr. 1, 13; 14; 32). So his hearers conclude fr. Jesus’ teaching that he must have ἐ. (i.e. it is not necessary for him to first ask what the traditional practice or interpretation requires) Mk 1:22 (‘license’ of a Jewish teacher L-S-J-M Suppl., ’68; against this AArgyle, ET 80, ’68/69, 343); cp. Mt 7:29 (Rtzst., Poim. 48, 3, Mysterienrel.3 302; 363; JStarr, HTR 23, 1930, 302–5; HWindisch, Pls. u. Christus ’34, 151ff; DDaube, JTS 39, ’38, 45–59; HFlowers, ET 66, ’55, 254 [‘like a king’]; DHudson, ET 67, ’55/56, 17; JCoutts, JTS 8, ’57, 111–18 [Jesus and the 12]). The prep. expr. κατʼ ἐξουσίαν in accordance w. knowledge and power Mk 1:27 and ἐν ἐ. Lk 4:32 belong to this classification; cp. 4:36. The close relation of ἐ. w. ‘gnosis’ and teaching also B 18:1.—But it is not always possible to draw a hard and fast line betw. this sense and
    the right to control or command, authority, absolute power, warrant (Sextus 36: the πιστός has ἐ. fr. God) ἐ. καὶ ἐπιτροπή (cp. Ps.-Pla., Defin. p. 415c ἐξουσία, ἐπιτροπὴ νόμου) authority and commission Ac 26:12. ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς; by whose authority are you doing this? Mt 21:23, 24, 27; Mk 11:28, 29, 33; Lk 20:2, 8. ἐ. διδόναι τινί put someone in charge (Diod S 13, 36, 2; 14, 81, 6; cp. Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 6 P.; En 9:7; TestJob 3:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 90; 20, 193) Mk 13:34; PtK 2 p. 14, 13. οἷς ἔδωκεν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τὴν ἐ. to whom he gave rights over the Gospel (for its proclamation) B 8:3. ὅτι τὸ ἄρχειν ἐξουσίας ἐστίν that ruling depends on authority 6:18. Of apostolic authority 2 Cor 10:8; 13:10; ISm 4:1. Of Jesus’ total authority Mt 28:18 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Da 7:14; DStanley, CBQ 29, ’67, 555–73); Hs 5, 6, 1. W. gen. of the one who has authority ἐ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ Rv 12:10 (Just., A I, 40, 7). W. gen. of that over which the authority is exercised (Diod S 2, 27, 3; IDefixWünsch 4, 21; Ps 135:8, 9; Wsd 10:14; Sir 17:2; Jos., Vi. 190) ἐ. πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων over the unclean spirits Mt 10:1; Mk 6:7; cp. J 17:2; Hm 4, 3, 5; PtK 2 p. 14, 13; 1 Cl 61:2; ISm 4:1; τούτου τοῦ λαοῦ Hs 8, 3, 3. Also ἐπί w. acc. (cp. Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; cp. Rv 6:8; 13:7. Likew. ἐπί w. gen. (cp. Da 3:97) Rv 2:26; 11:6b; 14:18. παρά τινος (also ἀπό τινος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 13, 56) indicates the source of the authority (s. παρά A3b) Ac 9:14; 26:10; Hs 5, 6, 4 (restored from the Lat.; ἐ. λαμβάνειν as Diod S 11, 42, 6; TestJob 8:2f; 16:4; Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 4 P.) and κατά τινος the one against whom it is directed (TestJob 16:2 κατʼ ἐμοῦ; 8:2 κατὰ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου ‘over my possessions’; Sb 8316, 6f κύριε Σάραπι δὸς αὐτῷ κατεξουσίαν κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 43, 25) J 19:11 (HvCampenhausen, TLZ 73, ’48, 387–92); B 4:13. W. pres. inf. foll. (cp. X., Mem. 2, 6, 24 and 35; Diod S 12, 75, 4; 1 Macc 10:35; 11:58; Jos., Ant. 4, 247) Mt 9:6; Mk 2:10; Lk 5:24; J 5:27. W. aor. inf. foll. (Jdth 8:15; 1 Esdr 8:22; 1 Macc 1:13) 19:10. Foll. by gen. of the pres. inf. (4 Macc 5:15) Hm 12, 4, 2.—RDillon, ‘As One Having Authority’ (Mark 1:22): CBQ 57, ’95, 92–113.
    power exercised by rulers or others in high position by virtue of their office, ruling power, official power (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 1, 135b al.; LXX; Jos., Bell. 2, 140, Vi. 80) ἐ. ὡς βασιλεύς Rv 17:12f (Diod S 2, 45, 1 βασιλικὴν ἐ. ἔχειν; 14, 32, 5 ἐ. λαμβάνειν); ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Lk 20:20; cp. J 19:10f, s. 3 above. ἐ. ἐπάνω δέκα πόλεων Lk 19:17. ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος a man under authority 7:8 (MFrost, ET 45, ’34, 477f); cp. Mt 8:9; Hs 1:3.—The power of a particular office (Diod S 1, 70, 1; 14, 113, 6 ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐξουσία; Plut., Mar. 406 [2, 1], Caes. 734 [58, 1]) ἐπαρχικὴ ἐ. the power of prefect Phlm subscr.
    human authorities, officials, government (Dionys. Hal. 8, 44; 11, 32; POxy 261, 15) Lk 12:11 (here and elsewh. in NT w. ἀρχή, as also in Pla.); Ro 13:1, 2, 3 (with 13:1b cp. the express. ‘ancient saying’ [s. Hes., Theogony 96 ἐκ δὲ Διὸς βασιλῆες. On this HFränkel, Dichtung u. Philos. des frühen Griechentums ’62, 111 n. 6] in Artem. 2, 36 p. 135, 24; 2, 69 p. 161, 17 τὸ κρατοῦν δύναμιν ἔχει θεοῦ=the ruling power has its authority from God; Wsd 6:3; Jos., Bell. 2, 140 οὐ δίχα θεοῦ περιγενέσθαι τινὶ τὸ ἄρχειν … ἐξουσίαν); Tit 3:1. For the view that the ἐ. of Ro 13 are spirit powers, as b below, s. OCullmann, Christ and Time (tr. Filson) ’50, 191–210.—On the subj. in gener. s. LGaugusch, D. Staatslehre d. Ap. Pls nach Ro 13: ThGl 5, ’34, 529–50; JUitman, Onder Eig. Vaandel 15, ’40, 102–21; HvCampenhausen, ABertholet Festschr. ’50, 97–113; OCullmann, Zur neuesten Diskussion über die ἐξουσίαι in Rö 13:1: TZ 10, ’54, 321–36, D. Staat im NT ’612 (Eng. tr.: The State in the NT ’56, 93–114); against him AStrobel, ZNW 47, ’56, 67–93.—GCaird, Princip. and Powers ’56; RMorgenthaler TZ 12, ’56, 289–304; CMorrison, The Powers That Be ’60; EBarnikol, Rö 13. Der nichtpaulinische Ursprung der absoluten Obrigkeitsbejahung v. Rö 13:1–7 ’61, 65–133; HSchlier, Principalities and Powers in the NT ’61 (Eng. tr.); MBorg, NTS 19, ’72/73, 205–18. οἱ ἐπʼ ἐξουσίαν ἀχθέντες those who are brought before the authorities Hs 9, 28, 4.
    of transcendent rulers and functionaries: powers of the spirit world (TestLevi 3:8; TestSol 20:15 B), sg. (w. ἀρχή and δύναμις) 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; Col 2:10. Pl. (w. ἀρχαί as Just., D. 41, 1; cp. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 29, 22) Eph 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:15; (w. ἄγγελοι, δυνάμεις) 1 Pt 3:22. Cp. the v.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).
    the sphere in which power is exercised, domain (4 Km 20:13; Ps 113:2) Lk 4:6. ἐκ τ. ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστίν he comes fr. Herod’s jurisdiction 23:7. ἐ. τοῦ σκότους domain of darkness 22:53; Col 1:13 (opp. the βασιλεία of Christ). Hence ἐ. τοῦ ἀέρος simply domain of the air Eph 2:2; s. ἀήρ 2b.
    Various opinions are held about the mng. of 1 Cor 11:10 ὀφείλει ἡ γυνὴ ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους. Many now understand it as a means of exercising power (cp. δύναμις 1b.—It is abstract for concrete, as βασιλεία [1] in Diod S 1, 47, 5: a stone figure ἔχουσα τρεῖς βασιλείας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς=that wears three symbols of royal power [diadems] on its head), that is to say, the veil (κάλυμμα is v.l. for ἐ. here; s. critical apparatus in N.) by which women at prayer (when they draw near to the heavenly realm) protect themselves fr. the amorous glances of certain angels. But the veil may also have been simply a symbol of womanly dignity, esp. befitting a Christian woman, and esp. in the presence of holy angels (s. Cadbury below).—WWeber, ZWT 46, 1903, 487–99; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 12–23 al.; EFehrle, Die kultische Keuschheit im Altertum1910, 39; RPerdelwitz, StKr 86, 1913, 611–13; LBrun, ZNW 14, 1913, 298–308; GKittel, Rabbinica 1920, 17ff; Billerb. III 423–35; KBornhäuser, NKZ 41, 1930, 475–88; WFoerster, ZNW 30, ’31, 185f; MGinsburger, RHPR 12, ’32, 245–47; OMotta, ET 44, ’33, 139–41; CSpicq, RB 48, ’39, 557–62; EBlakeney, ET 55, ’44, 138; SLösch, TQ 127, ’47, 216–61; JFitzmyer, NTS 3, ’57, 48–58; HCadbury, HTR 51, ’58, 1f (Qumran parallels); MHooker, NTS 10, ’64, 410–16; AIsaksson, Marriage and Ministry in the NT ’65, 176–81; GSchwartz, ZNW 70, ’79, 249 (Aramaic background).—LCerfaux et JTondriau, Un Concurrent du Christianisme, ’57. S. on ἄγγελος 2c.—V.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).—DELG s.v. εἰμί. New Docs 2, 83f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐξουσία

  • 7 καθύπερθε

    καθύπερθε [pron. full] [ῠ], poet. before a vowel [suff] καθύπερ-θεν (also v.l. in Th.5.59, S. El. 1090 (lyr.)); [dialect] Ion. [full] κατύπερθε: Adv.:—
    A from above, down from above,

    δεινὸν δὲ λόφος κ. ἔνευεν Il.3.337

    , cf. 22.196, Od.12.442, etc.;

    κ. μελαθρόφιν 8.279

    ;

    ἐκ μὲν τοῦ πεδίου.., κ. δέ.. Th.5.59

    , cf.IG12.398: c. gen.,

    πυρός Nic.Th. 691

    .
    2 atop, above, opp. ὑπένερθε, Od.10.353; κ. ἐπιρρέει floats atop, Il.2.754;

    κ. τῶν ὅπλων τοῦ τόνου Hdt.7.36

    ; of geographical position,

    Λέσβος ἄνω.., καὶ Φρυγίη καθύπερθε Il.24.545

    : c. gen., καθύπερθε Χίοιο above, i.e. north of, Chios, Od.3.170: in Prose,

    Κέρκιος κατύπερθε SIG1.3

    (Abu Simbel, vi B. C.); ἡ Χώρη ἡ κ. Hdt.4.8;

    ἡ κ. ὁδός Id.1.104

    , etc.; τὰ κ. the upper country, i.e. farther inland,

    τὰ κ. τῆς λίμνης Id.2.5

    ; τὰ κ. τῆς θηριώδεος ib.32;

    τοῖσι κ. Ἀσσυρίων οἰκημένοισι Id.1.194

    .
    3 above, having the upper hand of, κ. γενέσθαι τινός, prop., of a wrestler who falls atop of his opponent, ib.67, 8.60.

    γ; κ. Χερὶ πλούτῳ τε τῶν ἐχθρῶν S.El.

    l.c. (lyr.); also, of affairs,

    ἐλογίζετο.. κ. οἱ τὰ πρήγματα ἔσεσθαι τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν Hdt.8.136

    ;

    κακοὶ δ' ἀγαθῶν καθύπερθεν Thgn.679

    ; μόχθου κ. superior to misery, unconquered by it, Pi.P.9.31; also

    κ. ἤ.. Hdt.8.75

    .
    II of Time, before, c. gen., Id.5.28.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καθύπερθε

  • 8 ἐξετάζω

    ἐξετ-άζω, [tense] fut. ἐξετάσω, rarely
    A

    ἐξετῶ Isoc.9.34

    , cf. AB251: [tense] aor.

    ἐξήτασα Ar.Th. 438

    , S.OC 211 (lyr.), etc., [dialect] Dor.

    ἐξήταξα Theoc.14.28

    : [tense] pf.

    ἐξήτακα Pl.Tht. 154d

    , etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    - ετασθήσομαι D.2.20

    : [tense] aor. - ητάσθην (v. infr.): [tense] pf. - ήτασμαι (v. sub fin.):— examine well or closely, scrutinize, review,

    ἐ. φίλους, ὅντιν' ἔχουσι νόον Thgn.1016

    , cf. Ar.l.c., etc.;

    τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ξυμμαχίαν ἐ. Th.2.7

    ;

    βίον αὐτοῦ πάντα ἐξετάσω D.21.21

    ;

    ἐκ τοῦ εἰκότος ἐξετασθῆναι δεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα Antipho 5.37

    ; ἐ., opp. ὑπέχειν λόγον, Arist.Rh. 1354a5; τὸ δι' ἀκριβείας -αζόμενον exactly weighed words, Pl.Tht. 184c; ἐ. τι < διὰ> τῶν εἰδότων make inquiries into a thing from.., Plb.10.8.1: folld. by Relat.,

    ἐ. ὅστις ἦν D.45.82

    ;

    ἐ. τί καὶ πῶς λέγουσι Pl.Phdr. 261a

    ;

    ἐ. τινά, τίνος ἐστὶ γένους Epicr.11.17

    .
    2 of troops, inspect, review, Th.7.33,35, etc.;

    στρατιώτας σὺν τοῖς ὅπλοις Hell.Oxy.10.1

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    στρατὸς δὲ θάσσει κἀξετάζεται E.Supp. 391

    , cf. Th.6.97.
    3 ἐ. τὴν βουλήν, τὸ βουλευτικόν, = Lat. legere senatum, revise the roll of the Senate, D.C. 52.42, 54.13.
    4 examine, approve, PRev.Laws40.19 ([voice] Pass., iii B. C.), etc.
    5 pass in review, enumerate,

    ἁμαρτήματα ἀκριβῶς ἐ. Isoc.7.63

    , cf. D.20.52,58.
    II examine or question a person closely, Hdt.3.62, S.Aj. 586, OC 211;

    τινὰ περί τινος Pl.Phdr. 258d

    ;

    τινά τι Id.Grg. 515b

    , X.Cyr.6.2.35;

    δικαίως αὐτὸν ἐξετάσω D.21.154

    , cf. 18.20;

    τὸν δεσπότην ὁ δοῦλος ἐξετάζει Id.45.76

    :—[voice] Pass., Men.Epit. 65.
    III estimate, τι πρός τι one thing with reference to another, D.6.7;

    πρὸς ἐκείνους ἐ. καὶ παραβάλλειν ἐμέ Id.18.314

    ;

    ἰσοστάσιος ἦν ἡ πορφύρα πρὸς ἄργυρον ἐξεταζομένη Theopomp.Hist.114

    , cf. Jul.Or. 3.119a;

    ἐ. τινὰ παρ' ἄλληλα D.18.265

    , cf. Isoc.8.11; compare,

    πρὸς Ἀριστογείτονα ἐμαυτόν D.Ep.3.43

    .
    IV prove by scrutiny or test, of gold, Chilo 1 ([voice] Pass.);

    ἐ. τοὺς κακούς τε κἀγαθούς X.Oec.20.14

    ;

    τοὺς χρησίμους D.34.38

    : c. part.,

    ἐξητακὼς στερεοὺς ὑπάρχοντας τοὺς τόπους Plb.3.79.1

    :—more freq. in [voice] Pass., ἐὰν μὴ παρὼν ἐ. unless he is proved to have been present, Pl.Lg. 764a;

    καὶ λέγων καὶ γράφων ἐξηταζόμην τὰ δέοντα D.18.173

    ; ἐξήτασαι πεποιηκώς ib.197; ἐξετάζεσθαι φίλος (sc. ὤν) E.Alc. 1011;

    ἐχθρὸς ἐξεταζόμενος D.21.65

    ;

    κατήγορος Id.22.66

    ;

    μέτριοι ἐν τοῖς ἀνηκέστοις Plu.2.74b

    ; of things,

    τὰ φοβερὰ ἐξετασθήσεται μέχρι λόγου τοιαῦτα ὄντα D.H.6.63

    .
    V [voice] Pass., to be numbered, counted, c. gen.,

    ὧν εἷς ἐγὼ βουληθεὶς ἐξετάζεσθαι And.4.2

    ;

    τῶν ἐχθρῶν εἷς ἐξετάζεσθαι

    to be found in the number of..,

    D.19.291

    ; μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐξητάζετο he appeared among.., Id.18.217;

    ἔν τισι D.H.6.59

    ; to be placed on a roll, ἐν τοῖς ἱππικοῖς among the Equites at Rome, Plu.Pomp.14; of the census, ἐξητάσθησαν αἱ πᾶσαι πεντεκαίδεκα [μυριάδες] Id.caes.55.
    2 [voice] Pass., present oneself, appear, D.21.161;

    πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα.. οὐδέπω.. ἐξήτασται Id.37.46

    , cf. 18.277.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξετάζω

  • 9 ὠνέομαι

    ὠνέομαι, Hes.Op. 341, etc.: [tense] fut.
    A

    - ήσομαι E.Hec. 360

    , Ar.Ach. 815, Pax 1261, Lys.22.22, [dialect] Dor. ὠνασοῦμαι (v. infr.):—in [dialect] Att. usu. with the syllabic augment,

    ἐωνούμην Eup.184

    , And.1.134,

    ἀντ-εωνεῖτο X. Oec.20.26

    , etc.: but

    ὠνέετο Hdt.3.139

    ,

    ὠνέοντο Id.1.69

    ,

    ὠνούμην Lys. 7.4

    codd.,

    ἀντ-ωνεῖτο And.1.134

    ,

    ἐξ-ωνεῖτο Aeschin.3.91

    : [tense] aor. 1

    ἐωνησάμην Plu.Cic.3

    ;

    ὠνησάμην Hp.Ep.17

    , Plu.Nic.10, Luc.Herm.81; part.

    ὠνησάμενος Plb.4.50.3

    , D.H.7.20: ὠνήσασθαι not in Attic inscrr. earlier than IG22.1035.8 (i B. C.), ἐπριάμην being used in [dialect] Att.; ὠνησάμην in the prov.

    Χῖος δεσπότην ὠνήσατο Eup.269

    : [tense] pf. ἐώνημαι in act. sense, Ar.Pl.7, Lys.7.2 (so [tense] plpf.

    ἐώνητο D.37.5

    ); also as [voice] Pass. (v. infr. 11): [tense] aor. in pass. sense (v. infr. 11) ἐωνήθην; [tense] fut. in pass. sense

    ἀπ-ωνηθήσεται Theopomp.Com.84

    : this verb is usu. replaced in later Gr. by ἀγοράζω:—buy, purchase, opp.

    πωλέω, πιπράσκω; πῶ τις ὦν ὄνον ὠνασεῖται; Sophr.125

    ; but in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (which are the tenses most in use), offer to buy, bargain or bid for a thing,

    ὄφρ' ἄλλων ὠνῇ κλῆρον Hes.Op. 341

    ; ὠνέεσθαι τῶν φορτίων wished to buy some of their wares, began to bargain for them, Hdt. 1.1; Κροῖσός σφι ὠνεομένοισι ἔδωκε gave it them when they offered to buy, ib.69; τὰς νήσους οὐκ ἐβούλοντο ὠνευμένοισι πωλέειν ib. 165, cf. 3.139, 6.121; ὀκτὼ λάβοις ἄν (sc. ὀβολούς); Answ. εἴπερ ὠνεῖ τὸν ἕτερον if you are willing to buy the other fish, Alex.16.10, cf. 78.7;

    ὠνεῖσθαι καὶ πωλεῖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους Pl.Lg. 741b

    ;

    ὠ. τὰς γυναῖκας παρὰ τῶν γονέων Hdt.5.6

    , cf. Pl.Prt. 313d, 313e, D.9.48;

    ἀπό τινος Ach.Tat. 5.17

    : c. dat. pers., buy from.., Ar.Ach. 815, Pax 1261; also ὠ. ἐκ Κορίνθου buy goods from Corinth, X.HG7.2.17:

    ὠ. ἐξ ἀγορᾶς Id.An. 3.2.21

    ; metaph., καιρόν, σπονδάς ὠ., Plu.Sert.6, Hdn.6.7.9;

    ὠ. μὴ ἀδικεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐμπόρους D.8.25

    ; c. gen. pretii, buy for so much, Hdt. 5.6, cf. E.Hec. 360, X.An.7.6.24; ψυχῆς at the price of life, Heraclit. 85: also c. dat., buy with..,

    τἄχθιστα τοῖσι φιλτάτοις ὠνούμεθα E.IA 1170

    : abs., X.Mem.2.10.4, Ages.1.18: esp. in partic.,

    ὠνουμένους ἕξειν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

    by purchase,

    Id.An.2.3.27

    , cf. 5.5.14, etc.; also ὁ ὠνούμενος the buyer, purchaser,

    ὁρῶντος τοῦ ὠνουμένου Id.Eq.3.2

    , cf. Plu. Cat.Mi.36; ὁ ἐωνημένος the owner by purchase (of a slave), Ar.Pl.7;

    ὁ ὠνησάμενος Plu.2.242d

    ; ὁ ὠνησόμενος the intending purchaser, Din. 3.10: metaph.,

    χάριτας πονηρὰς ὠ. E.Hel. 902

    ;

    ὅσα ἄνθρωποι ἄθλων ὠνοῦνται X.Hier.9.11

    ;

    εὔνοιαν παρά τινος D.12.20

    ;

    ὠ. τὰς αὑτῶν ψυχὰς παρὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν Lys.28.9

    :—in A.Supp. 337 Robortello restored ὄνοιτο.
    2 bid for, purchase the farming of public taxes or properties,

    λ ταλάντων And.1.134

    , Lys.7.2 (in part. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. with trans. sense);

    τέλη παρὰ τῆς πόλεως X.Vect.4.19

    , etc.;

    ὠ. μέταλλα D.19.293

    ;

    τὸν ἐωνημένον τὴν ἰλὺν ἐκκομίσασθαι IG12.94.20

    , cf.

    ὠνή 11

    .
    3 buy off, avert by giving hush-money,

    ὠ. τὸν κίνδυνον D.38.20

    ; τὰ ἐγκλήματα ib.8; ταλάντου τὸ πλημμέλημα (i.e. its penalty)

    παρά τινος Luc.Herm.81

    .
    4 ὠ. τινα to buy a person, of one who bribes, D.18.247;

    ὠνεῖται καὶ διαφθείρει τινάς Id.9.45

    , cf. Plu.Phil.15.
    II sts. used as [voice] Pass., dub. in [tense] pres. since [ ὠνούμενά τε καὶ πιπρασκόμενα] is interpol. in Pl.Phd. 69b; occasionally in [tense] pf., part.

    ἐωνημένος Id.R. 563b

    , Is.11.42, D.19.209 (but indic.

    ἐώνηνται Anon.

    ap. Arist.Rh. 1410a19 is [voice] Act. in sense): [tense] plpf.

    ἐώνητο Ar. Pax 1182

    (troch.); also in [tense] aor.

    ἐωνήθην X.Mem.2.7.12

    ,

    ὠνηθῇ Id.Vect.4.19

    ; part.

    ὠνηθείς Is.6.19

    , Pl.Sph. 224a, Lg. 850a.
    III [voice] Act. [tense] pf. part. ἐωνηκώς, = ἐωνημένος, Lys.Fr.135S.: [tense] aor. ὠνῆσαι· ἀγοράσαι, Zonar.: [tense] pres. ὠνεῖν· πωλεῖν, ἀπολαύειν, Hsch.: the sense πωλεῖν is Cretan, ὠνῆν τὰ χρήματα they shall sell the property, Leg.Gort.5.47; αἰ δέ τις.. τὸ νόμισμα μὴ λείοι δέκετθαι ἢ καρπῶ ὠνίοι if any one refuses the currency or sells for produce, SIG525.8 (Crete, iii B. C.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὠνέομαι

  • 10 ἱκέτης

    -ου + N 1 0-0-1-1-2=4 Mal 3,14; Ps 73(74),23; Sir 4,4; 36,16
    suppliant Mal 3,14
    *Ps 73(74),23 τῶν ἱκετῶν σου of your suppliants corr.? τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου for MT צרריך of your enemies
    Cf. NIKIPROWETZKI 1963, 241-278; →SCHLEUSNER (Ps 73(74),23)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ἱκέτης

  • 11 ἀνήκεστος

    A incurable, desperate, fatal, ἄλγος, χόλος, Il. 5.394, 15.217;

    ἀ. πάθος ἔρδειν τινά Hdt.1.137

    ;

    ἀ. λώβην λωβᾶσθαί τινα Id.3.154

    ;

    λυμαίνεσθαί τινα λύμησι ἀ. Id.6.12

    , cf. A.Ch. 516, etc.; κακόν, κακά, συμφοραί, Hes.Th. 612, Archil.9.5, Th.5.111; μίασμα.. ἀ. τρέφειν keep it till it is past cure, S.OT98;

    ἁμαρτάδες Hp.Acut.39

    ;

    ἔργον Antipho 5.91

    ;

    πονηρία X.Mem.3.5.18

    ;

    ἀνήκεστα ποιεῖν τινα

    ruin utterly,

    Id.An.2.5.5

    ; ἀνήκεστα πάσχειν to be utterly ruined, Th. 3.39;

    ἀ. τι παθεῖν D.54.5

    ;

    ἀ. τι βουλεῦσαι περί τινος Th.1.132

    ; ἁπάντων

    τῶν ἀνηκέστων αἴτιον D.21.70

    , etc.
    2 of persons,

    ἀ. πλεονέκται X.Oec.14.8

    ;

    χρήσασθαί τινι τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὡς ἀνηκέστῳ Plu.Per. 39

    ;

    ἀ. εἴς τι J.AJ18.6.10

    : [comp] Comp. - έστερος f.l. in Antipho 5.91: [comp] Sup., Ph.2.316.
    II [voice] Act., damaging beyond remedy, pernicious,

    πῦρ S. El. 888

    ;

    χαρά Id.Aj.52

    .
    III Adv. ἀνηκέστως, διατιθέναι treat cruelly, Hdt.3.155, cf. 8.28;

    ἀ. ἔχειν Aret.SD1.5

    , App.BC2.123.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνήκεστος

  • 12 ὑπηρέτης

    ὑπηρέτης, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestBenj 3:8; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 4, 2; loanw. in rabb.; freq. as t.t. for a governmental or other official) one who functions as a helper, freq. in a subordinate capacity, helper, assistant (e.g. a physician’s assistant: Hobart 88f; as adjutant: Arrian, Tact. 10, 4; 14, 4; the lictor beside the consul: Appian, Liby. 90 §424; the 20 senators with Pompey: Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 18 §67; the priest’s helpers: Diod S 1, 73, 3; the assistant to the ἡγούμενος of a cultic fellowship: Sb 7835, 11 [I B.C.]) Dg 7:2. John (Mark) as ὑπ. of Paul and Barnabas Ac 13:5 (BHolmes, Luke’s Description of John Mark: JBL 54, ’35, 63–72; WHadorn, D. Gefährten u. Mitarbeiter des Pls: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 65–82; RTaylor, ET 54, ’42/43, 136–38). Of the attendants of a board or court (Diod S 14, 5, 1f and Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 31 §138 of attendants of the court; Diod S 17, 30, 4 παρέδωκε τοῖς ὑπηρέταις … ἀποκτεῖναι; Maximus Tyr. 3, 2b), of the Sanhedrin (Jos., Bell. 1, 655 παρέδωκεν τοῖς ὑπ. ἀνελεῖν, Ant. 4, 37 πέμψας ὑπ.; 16, 232) Mt 5:25 (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 68 D.: ὁ δικαστὴς παραδίδωσι τ. ὑπηρέταις ‘deputies’); 26:58; Mk 14:54, 65; J 7:32, 45f; 18:3, 12, 22; 19:6; Ac 5:22, 26; GJs 10:1; 15:2. W. δοῦλοι (as Pla., Polit. 289c [on this Collins 81–84, s. below]; Just., A I, 14, 1) J 18:18. Of a synagogue attendant (as prob. in the Roman-Jewish grave ins: RGarrucci, Dissertazioni archeologiche II 1865, p. 166 no. 22) Lk 4:20 (ὑπ. as a title of cult officials: Thieme 33. Also Musaeus, Fgm. 11 Diels [Paus. 10, 5, 6]: Pyrcon as Poseidon’s ὑπηρέτης ἐς τὰ μαντεύματα; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 33 ὑπ. τῶν τελετῶν; PLond 2710 recto, 11 [HTR 29, ’36, p. 40; 50]). Of a king’s retinue J 18:36; GJs 21:2; 23:1f. The apostles as assistants of Christ Ac 26:16; 1 Cor 4:1 (Epict. 3, 22, 82 the Cynic as ὑπ. τοῦ Διός; Galen, Protr. 5 p. 12, 5 J.: Socr., Hom. et al. as ὑπ. τοῦ θεοῦ; Pythagorean saying: WienerStud 8, 1886, p. 278 no. 105 τὸν εὐεργετοῦντά σε εἰς ψυχὴν ὡς ὑπηρέτην θεοῦ μετὰ θεὸν τίμα=one who has benefited you spiritually, esteem as God’s helper after God; Sextus 319; Just., D. 57, 3). Believers gener. as θεοῦ ὑπηρέται (w. οἰκονόμοι [as 1 Cor 4:1] and πάρεδροι) IPol 6:1 (cp. PGM 59, 3; 5 and Jos., Bell. 2, 321, Ant. 3, 16).—Also w. objective gen. of that to which services are rendered (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 41 §169 τῆς πατρίδος ὑπ.; Wsd 6:4) ὑπηρέται τοῦ λόγου ministers of the word Lk 1:2 (cp. the role of a scribe Sir 39:1–4; PMather, BR 30, ’85, 28f). ἐκκλησίας θεοῦ ὑπηρέται servants of God’s assembly/church ITr 2:3.—On the obscure οἱ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὑπηρέται B 16:4 s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.—On the functions of the ὑπ. in Greco-Rom. Egypt, HKupiszewski and JModrzejewski, JJP XI and XII, ’57/58, 141–66; JCollins, Diakonia ’90, esp. 81–84, 173–75.—B. 1334. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὑπηρέτης

  • 13 ἐκ/ἐξ

    + P 904-1070-685-520-644=3823 Gn 2,6.9.23(ter)
    [τινος]: out of, forth, from (motion) Gn 2,6; out of (separation with a group; as partitive gen.) JgsB 15,2; of (origin) Ex 2,1; by (cause, means) Nm 1,2; out of (material out of which sth is made) Wis 15,8; according to, in accordance with 1 Mc 8,30; for (price) LtJ 24; since, from (time) Jer 7,7; after (time) Gn 39,10; on Gn 6,16
    ἐκ δυνάμεως εἰς δύναμιν from strength to strength (for special emphasis) Ps 83 (84),8; καὶ κρίσιν ἐκ τῶν ἐχθρῶν and judgement on the enemies (semit., render-ing MT מאויבי ואנקמה) Is 1,24
    Cf. GEHMAN 1951=1972 95; →NIDNTT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ἐκ/ἐξ

  • 14 αὔξησις

    A growth, increase, Hp.VM6;

    τῶν ἐχθρῶν Th.1.69

    , cf. Plu.TG13;

    κατὰ τὸ ποσόν Arist.Metaph. 1069b11

    ; of the Delta, Hdt.2.13: in Pl., increments, Pl.R. 546b; multiplications, Ascl.Tact.2.7.
    2 amplification, in Rhet., Arist.Rh. 1368a27, 1413b34;

    μετ' αὐξήσεως ἐξαγγέλλειν Plb.10.27.8

    , cf. D.H.Th.19 (pl.).
    3 Gramm., the augment, EM338.47.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αὔξησις

  • 15 καλλίνικος

    A gloriously triumphant,

    τήνελλα ὦ καλλίνικε Χαῖρ' ἄναξ Ἡράκλεες Archil.119

    , cf. IG12(5).234 ([place name] Paros); κῦδος κ. the glory of noble victory, Pi.I.1.12; Χάρμα κ. ib.5(4).54;

    καλλίνικος ἅρμασι Id.P.1.32

    : c. gen., τῶν ἐχθρῶν triumphant over one's enemies, E.Med. 765;

    ἐραστῶν Pl.Alc.2.151c

    ; epith. of Helios, IG 12(2).127(Mytil.); of kings, as Seleucus II, Plb.2.71.4, Str.16.2.4, etc.; of martyrs, Cod.Just.1.3.35.3 ([place name] Zeno).
    II adorning or ennobling victory, μέλος, ὕμνος, Pi.P.5.106, N.4.16codd.; ῳ'δά, μοῦσα, E. El. 865(lyr.), Ph. 1728(lyr.); στέφανος, στέφη, Id.IT12, Alex. in Gëtt. Nachr.1922.10;

    κ. ἡλαίη Call.Iamb.1.283

    ; τὸ κ. the glory of victory, Pi.N.3.18; so καλλίνικος (sc. ὕμνος) Id.O.9.2;

    καλλίνικον οἴσεται E. Med.45

    ;

    τὸν καλλίνικον μετὰ θεῶν ἐκώμασε Id.HF 180

    ; also τὰν Ἡρακλέους κ. (sc. ᾠδὰν) ἀείδω ib. 681 (lyr.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καλλίνικος

  • 16 κατεξουσία

    A sovereignty, dominion,

    τῶννερτέρων θεῶν IG14.1047.5

    ( = Tab.Defix.Aud.188): c.gen., power over,

    τοῦ βιοθανάτου πνεύματος PMag.Par.1.1949

    ; also

    δὸς αὐτῷ τὴν κ. κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ CIG4710

    ([place name] Egypt).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατεξουσία

  • 17 τιμωρητικός

    A revengeful, opp. συγγνωμονικός, Arist.EN 1126a2; τὰ τ. acts of revenge, Id.Rh. 1369b12;

    τὸ τ. τῶν ἐχθρῶν Phld.Ir.p.67

    W. Adv.

    - κῶς Chrysipp.Stoic.3.129

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τιμωρητικός

  • 18 ὀνειδισμός

    ὀνειδισμός, οῦ, ὁ (s. prec. entry; Dionys. Hal.; Plut., Artax. 22, 12; Vett. Val. 65, 7; 73, 10; LXX; En 103:4; TestSol 26:8 H; Test12Patr; Jos., Ant. 19, 319. Late word: Lob., Phryn. p. 511f) act of disparagement that results in disgrace, reproach, reviling, disgrace, insult εἰς ὀν. ἐμπίπτειν fall into disgrace 1 Ti 3:7. ἀφεῖλεν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ ὀνειδισμὸν τῶν ἐχθρῶν μου (God) took away from me the reproach of my enemies GJs 6:3.—Hb speaks of the ὀν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ and holds that even Moses took upon himself the reproach of Christ 11:26, and he calls upon believers: ἐξερχώμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν … τὸν ὀν. αὐτοῦ φέροντες 13:13 (ὀν. φέρειν as Ezk 34:29; TestReub 4:7 v.l.).—Pl. (TestReub. 4:2; TestJud 23:3) οἱ ὀν. reproaches, insults Ro 15:3 (Ps 68:10; s. ὀνειδίζω 1). W. θλίψεις: ὀνειδισμοῖς καὶ θλίψεσιν θεατριζόμενοι exposed as a public spectacle to insults and persecutions Hb 10:33.—DELG s.v. ὄνειδο. M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὀνειδισμός

  • 19 ὑπό

    ὑπό [pron. full] [ῠ], Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὐπά Alc.39; [dialect] Boeot. [full] ὑπά
    A

    Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 14

    Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); [dialect] Ion. ηυπύ only in IG 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. [full] ὁπύ Schwyzer 664.15,21 (Orchom.Arc., iv B.C.); in [dialect] Ep. [full] ὑπαί (also B. 12.139): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (

    ὑ. πόδα Il.2.824

    ,

    ὑ. δέ 3.217

    , 11.417, 12.149,

    ὑ. δείους 10.376

    , 15.4); elsewh. (before λ ν ρ ϝ ) it is weakly attested as v. l. for ὑπὸ ([etym.] ?ὑπόX ¯ ), e.g. ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ (v.l. ὑπαὶ)

    λιπαροῖσι Il.2.44

    , al.; but ὑπαὶ νεφέων is given by most codd. in Il.15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), and

    ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon.

    ap. Plu.2.38e; also in compds.,

    ὑπαιδείδοικα h.Merc. 165

    , ὑπαιφοινίσσω (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A.Ag. 892, 944, 1164 (lyr.), Eu. 417, S.El. 711, 1418 (lyr.), Inach. in PTeb. 692 ii5 (lyr.), E.El. 1188 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 970 (paratrag.). (With ὑπό ([etym.] ὕπο) cf. Skt. úpa 'towards, near to, etc.', Goth. uf 'under'.)
    A WITH GENITIVE,
    I of Place, with Verbs of motion, from under, αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου they will rise again from under the gloom, Il.21.56;

    ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε Hes.Th. 669

    ;

    ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους Od.9.141

    , cf. Pl.Phdr. 230b;

    ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν Il.19.17

    ; ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν from under the storm-cloud, B.12.139; esp. of rescuing from under another's power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν, Il.9.248, 13.198, 17.224, 235;

    ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς

    from the consequences of,

    23.86

    ; also ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ from under the yoke, 8.543, Od.4.39; ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην I loosed myself from under the ram, 9.463; σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν, i.e. was born, Pi.N.1.35, cf. O.6.43; rarely in Trag.,

    ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας E.Andr. 441

    ;

    περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα Id.Hec.53

    ; once in Hdt.,

    τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8

    ;

    αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ SIG47.27

    (Locris, v B.C.); cf. ὑπέκ.
    2 of the object under which a thing is or is placed, under, beneath, with collat. sense of motion, as μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς thrust it in under the embers, Od. 9.375;

    ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας Il.4.106

    ;

    τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν Hes.Th. 717

    : also without the sense of motion,

    ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο Il.3.372

    ;

    βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14

    ;

    ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός Od.11.52

    ;

    κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός A.Th. 588

    ;

    ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέλη Pi.O.2.83

    ;

    νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιο Il.16.347

    ;

    τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια Pl.Phdr. 249a

    ;

    δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτειν E.Hec. 342

    ; φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο ib. 762: Thom.Mag.p.375 R. says that ὑ. = under takes gen. in [dialect] Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου, which is v.l. in Od.9.329 for ὑ. κόπρῳ, is called by Eust.1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης (v. κόλπος, μάλη); but in [dialect] Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine ὑ. c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. ὑ. γῆς; it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and NT; X. has ὑ. ἁμάξης ( = from under) An.6.4.22,25; the Orators have only ὑ. μάλης, Lys.Fr.54, D.29.12; ὑ. γῆς is found in Pl.Ap. 18b, Mx. 246d, R. 414d, al., Arist.Mete. 352b6, al., Hipparch.2.2.45, Plb.18.18.10 ([etym.] ὑ. τῆς γῆς), 21.28.3,10.
    II of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense,

    μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς Il.3.436

    , cf. 4.479;

    ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ' Ἕκτορος 17.428

    ; εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι 1.242;

    τὸν.. τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ.. παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.1.137

    ;

    οἵαις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι A.Pr. 308

    , cf. Th.7, al.;

    πέλεκυς.. ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος Il.3.61

    ;

    ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν.. φοβέοντο.. ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303

    ;

    πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ' ἐχθρῶν A.Pr. 1042

    (anap.);

    ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες Th.1.77

    ;

    ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους Id.4.66

    ;

    ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων Id.6.5

    ;

    ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν Id.4.64

    ; κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους.. τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως we have been called shameful names by.., S.Aj. 1321; κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν to be ill spoken of by.., Isoc.4.77, cf. Pl.Hp.Ma. 304e, X.An. 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο, Hdt.9.98, E.Alc. 737, cf. Th.6.32;

    ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων.. πορεύεται S.Tr. 391

    ;

    ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων Pl.Phlb. 66a

    : sts. with a verbal Subst., τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα (i. e. ἐπιταττόμενον) Id.R. 359a;

    ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο A.Th. 1029

    ;

    ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις X. Mem.2.1.34

    ;

    ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή Id.Cyr.3.3.2

    ;

    Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος Pl. R. 378d

    ; so ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους ( = οὐ τετρωμένον) prob. in A.Ch. 532.
    2 also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, ὅθ' ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι hasten driven on by them, Il.13.334; ὑφ' Ἕκτορος.. φεύγοντες fleeing before him, 18.149,

    χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος 13.153

    , cf. 7.64, 11.119, 424, Od.5.320, 7.263, al.;

    πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν X.HG5.1.5

    ; ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν, Hdt.9.78, A.Eu.99;

    οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων Th.7.78

    , cf. Ar.V. 1084.
    3 freq. of things as well as persons,

    ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου Th.7.77

    ;

    κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς IG42(1).125.8

    (Epid., iii B.C.);

    χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων Pl.Tht. 142b

    ;

    ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς IG42(1).122.64

    (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.);

    κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου Aen.Tact.20.4

    : of the agency of feelings, passions, etc.,

    ἀνόρουσ' ὑ. χάρματος h.Cer. 371

    ; ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο, A.Ag. 541, 587;

    μαίνεται.. ὑφ' ἡδονῆς S.El. 1153

    ;

    χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il.10.376

    ;

    ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν Hdt.1.85

    , cf. Th.6.33;

    οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν Id.4.66

    ;

    ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο Hdt.3.129

    ;

    ὑπ' ἄλγους A.Eu. 183

    ;

    ὑπ' ὀργῆς Ar.V. 1083

    ;

    ὑ. λύπης S.OT 1073

    : hence ὑπό is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας from courage, i. e. impelled by courage, Hdt.8.1;

    ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων Id.7.22

    , cf. 56; οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ' ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς by my agency, S.Ph. 1118 (lyr.); αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκας not under compulsion, GDI5128.5 ([place name] Vaxos).
    4 ὑπό freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances,

    νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς Il.4.276

    , cf. 16.591, etc.: sts. with part. added, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν at their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277;

    ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. 18.220

    .
    5 of accompanying music, to give the time,

    κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦ Hes.Sc. 281

    , cf. 278;

    ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆρος Archil.123

    , cf. Thgn.825, Charon Fr.9;

    πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος Ar.Ach. 1001

    : generally, of anything attendant, δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il.18.492, cf. E.Hel. 639 (lyr.), Ion 1474 (lyr.);

    καταθάψομεν.. ὑ. κλαυθμῶν A.Ag. 1554

    (anap.);

    ὑπ' εὐκλείας θανεῖν E.Hipp. 1299

    ;

    εἴσειμ' ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων Ar.Ach. 970

    ; ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, S.El. 630; ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι by lantern-light, X.Lac.5.7; ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά in or with solemn procession, Hdt.2.45, cf. Ar.Th. 1030; ὑ. βίης βήξας coughing with violence, violently, Hdt.6.107; ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων, i.e. they shot and lashed, X.An.3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1.
    6 ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν, = ἐπί c. gen., SIG171 (Olympia, iv B.C.).
    7 Math., ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ the angle ΘΔΗ ( = ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία), Procl. Hyp.2.26; but also τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ the rectangle contained by ΑΓ, ΓΒ, = ΑΓ χ ΓΒ, Euc.2.4.
    8 ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου laden with wine, Pap. in Hermes 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2.
    B WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in LXX (Jb.12.5 is dub. l.) or NT, not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position under,

    ὑ. ποσσί Il.2.784

    , al.; ὑ. πλατανίστῳ ib. 307, cf. 18.558; ὑ. Τμώλῳ at its foot, 2.866, cf. Od.1.186;

    Βερύσιοι ὑ. τῇ Ἴδῃ IG12.191.11

    , cf. 373.118, al.;

    ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλι Hdt.6.105

    ; τῶν θανόντων ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ under its walls, E.Hec. 764, cf. A.Ag. 860;

    πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ' ἰωγῇ Od.14.533

    ;

    ὑ. τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς Arist.Mete. 350b27

    ;

    ὑ. πέτρᾳ παῖς IG42(1).122.19

    (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς (or Λῆνος) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.);

    στρουθοὶ ὑ. τῇ τραπέζῃ Michel 832.33

    (Samos, iv B.C.);

    ὑ. τῇ μασχάλῃ Hp.Art.11

    ;

    χέλυν δ' ὑ. μασχάλῃ εἶχεν h.Merc. 242

    ;

    ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις Arist.PA 688b5

    ,14; ὁ ὑ. τῇ γῇ ἀήρ under the earth, Id.Cael. 295a28; ἐὰν ὑ. σοὶ κατακλινῇ lies next below you, Pl.Smp. 222e; ὑφ' ἅρμασι under, i.e. yoked to, the chariot, Il.8.402, 18.244;

    εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ' αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος Plb.8.20.6

    codd., cf. POxy. 1800 Fr.2.36 (Vit.Aesop.);

    ὑ. τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν Plb.12.26a

    .4, cf. 13.7.9; τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτοῖς σχεδίας under them, on which they stood, Id.3.46.8;

    τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑ. τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae.

    ap. eund.12.25.7;

    οἱ ὑ. τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam.2.31

    , cf. Arist.Pr. 940a37, Phgn. 806b16;

    ὑ. τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες Id.HA 491b14

    ;

    ὑ. τῷ γενείῳ Plb.34.10.9

    ;

    τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero

    *Deff.135.12;

    ὑ. τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102

    .
    2 with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, εἷσαν ὑ. φηγῷ set [him] down under it, Il.5.693;

    ἔζευξαν ὑφ' ἅρμασιν.. ἵππους Od.3.478

    , cf. Il.24.782;

    ὑ. δ' ἄξοσι.. ἔπιπτον 16.378

    , cf. X.Cyr.7.1.37;

    δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι Il.24.644

    .
    3 in such phrases as ὑ. χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι, 2.374, 860, al.;

    ἐμῇς ὑ. χερσὶ δάμασσον 3.352

    ;

    ὑ. δουρὶ δαμῆναι 5.653

    , etc.;

    ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑ. χερσί 11.180

    ;

    ὤλετο.. ὑ. γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος 16.489

    ;

    πέπληγμαι δ' ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ A.Ag. 1164

    (lyr.);

    ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ' ἀνδράσι Il.6.453

    ;

    ὑ. τινὶ κτείνεσθαι 16.490

    .
    4 behind,

    ὑ. φάλαγγι Ascl.Tact.6.1

    ; under the cover or protection of,

    ὑ. τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι Aen.Tact.37.9

    ;

    ὑ. ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις Plb. 1.57.8

    , 4.12.10, 16.6.1.
    II of the person under whose hand, power, or influence, or the thing by or through which a thing is done, ὑπ' Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο fled before them, Il.11.121; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs,

    ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ' Ἕκτορι Il.15.637

    ;

    ὁρμηθέντες ὑ. πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης Od.13.82

    ;

    βῆ.. θεῶν ὑ. πομπῇ Il.6.171

    ;

    ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο 23.215

    ;

    ὑ. λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών 16.384

    ; τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑ. τινί, 2.714, 728, 742;

    ἀτῆθαι ὑ. τῷ μεμφομένῳ GDI4994.8

    ([place name] Crete);

    ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑ. τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι Inscr.Magn.38.5

    , cf. 12,31,52.
    2 expressing subjection or dependence, ὑ. τινί under one's power,

    δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ Od.3.305

    , cf. Il.9.156;

    ὑπ' ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν Od. 7.68

    ; εἶναι ὑ. τισί to be subordinate, subject to them, Th.1.32; ὑ. Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος under the eye of.., Pl.R. 391c; ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ have under one, at one's command, X.Cyr.2.1.26;

    τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Pl.R. 563c

    ;

    ὑ. τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι Plu.Cic.44

    : in pregnant sense,

    ἵνα.. πάντα ὑ. Πέρσῃσι γένηται Hdt.7.11

    , cf. Th.7.64;

    ὑπ' ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt.7.157

    ;

    κινδυνεύσαιμ' ἂν ὑ. τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ Lys.24.6

    ;

    ὑ. τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων Plb.18.11.4

    ;

    τοὺς τραφέντας ὑ. τούτοις Id.6.7.2

    .
    3 of the subordination of things coming under a class,

    αἱ ὑ. ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι Pl.Smp. 205c

    ;

    τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις Id.R. 511b

    ;

    ὄργανα.. τὰ ὑ. τῇ μουσικῇ Id.Hp.Ma. 295d

    .
    4 as in A. 11.5, ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον advanced to the music of the flute-player, Hes.Sc. 283; ὑπ' αὐλῷ, ὑ. κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ, Luc.DDeor.2.2, Alex.19;

    ὑ. μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu.2.470e

    : generally, of attendant circumstances,

    ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι.. πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od.4.402

    ; ὑ. ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών escorted by the lictors, Plu.Publ.10; ὑ. σκότῳ, νυκτί, A.Ag. 1030 (lyr.), A.R. 1.1022, etc.;

    λάμπει δ' ὑ. μαρμαρυγαῖς ὁ χρυσός B.3.17

    ;

    αἰθομένα δᾲς ὑ. ξανθαἵσι πεύκαις Pi.Fr.79

    ;

    ὑ. φωτὶ πολλῷ προσῄει Plu.Galb.14

    ;

    ὑ. λαμπάσιν ἡμμέναις Hld.10.41

    ; ὑ. πολλῷ στρατῷ escorted by a great host, Nic.Dam.10J.;

    ὑ. δικαιοσύνῃ διαγαγεῖν τὸν βίον Pl.Ep. 335d

    .— ὑπό has no sense c. dat. which it has not also c. gen.; but all its senses c. gen. do not belong to the dat.:—later ὑπό c. dat. is found as a mere periphr. of the dat.,

    στέφος.. αὐτὸς ὑφ' ἡμετέραις πλεξάμενος παλάμαις AP5.73

    (Rufin.), cf. 85 (Claudian.);

    λέων ὑπ' ἄκοντι τετυμμένος A.R.2.26

    , cf. Man.2.131.
    C WITH ACCUSATIVE, of Place; to express motion towards and under an object, ὑ. σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα drove them under, i.e. into, the cave, Il.4.279;

    ὑ. ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Od.3.383

    ; σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμ' ὑ. γαῖαν, i.e. shall die, Il.18.333;

    νέεσθαι ὑ. ζόφον 23.51

    , cf. Od.3.335; κατακρύπτειν τινὰ ὑ. τὴν αὐτὴν θύρην under shelter of it, i.e. behind it, Hdt.1.12;

    πάϊς ὣς ὑ. μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα Il.8.271

    ;

    ὅκως ἔωσι ὑ. τὸν πεζὸν στρατὸν τὸν σφέτερον Hdt.9.96

    ;

    ὑ. τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ὁπλιτῶν τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ψιλῶν τετάχθαι Ael.Tact.15.2

    ; of coming close up under a lofty citadel, ἤλθεθ' ὑ. Τροίην up to T., Od.4.146;

    ὅτ' ἔμελλεν ὑ. πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος ἵξεσθαι Il.11.181

    ;

    παυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθ' ὑ. τεῖχος ἄρειον 4.407

    ;

    ὑ. τὰ τείχη φεύγειν Plb.1.74.11

    ;

    ὑ. τὰς ἴλας φεύγειν Id.3.65.7

    , cf. 3.105.6, 11.21.5, al.;

    ὑ. ταὐτὸ στέγος εἰσελθεῖν GDI3536

    B 3 ([place name] Cnidus);

    πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἔλθῃ.. ὑ. τὴν ῥάβδον LXXLe.27.32

    , cf. De.4.11, al.; so ὑ. δικαστήριον ὑπαχθείς, ἀγαγόντες, Hdt.6.72, 104 (cf. ὑπάγειν ὑ. τοὺς ἐφόρους ib.82) prob. refers to the elevated seats of the judges in court, cf. ὑπάγω A ΙΙ.
    2 of Position or Extension under an object, without sense of motion,

    Ἀρκαδίην ὑ. Κυλλήνης ὄρος Il.2.603

    , cf. 824, etc.;

    ἰκριώσασι ὑ. τὴν ὀροφήν IG12.374.76

    ; ἐργασαμένοις τὸ ἄνθεμον ὑ. τὴν ἀσπίδα ib.371.9;

    τὰ μὲν ὑ. τὸν λόφον καὶ τὰμ φάραγγα Inscr.Prien.37.162

    (ii B.C.);

    ἀνθέντω ὑ. τὸν ναὸν τᾶς Δάματρος IG5(1).1498.13

    (loc. inc., ii B.C.); ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε everywhere under the sun, Il.5.267;

    ὑπ' αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο φοιτῶσι Od.2.181

    ;

    τῶν ὑ. τοῦτον τὸν ἥλιον.. ἀνθρώπων D.18.270

    ;

    τὰ ὑ. τὴν ἄρκτον Hdt. 5.10

    , cf. Arist.Mete. 362a17;

    οἴκησις ἡ λεγομένη ὑ. τὸν πόλον Gem.5.38

    , cf. 16.21, al.;

    ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν LXXEx.17.14

    , al., UPZ106.14 (i B.C.);

    τὸ ὑ. τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Th.2.17

    ;

    ὁ ὑ. γῆν λεγόμενος εἶναι θεός Hdt.7.114

    , cf. Il.19.259; ὑ. γῆν is more freq. than ὑ. γῆς in Arist., Mete. 349b29, al., in Hipparch., 1.3.10, al., and entirely supersedes ὑ. γῆς in Hdt., 2.124, 125, 127, 148, 150, 3.102, 4.195, 7.114, and Gem., 2.19, al.; it is found also in Plb.21.28.11, etc.; ὑ. γῆν the nadir, opp. μεσουράνημα, PLond.1.98r.49, 110.33 (i/ii A.D.); also

    ἄγχε δέ μιν.. ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑ. δειρήν Il.3.371

    ;

    Τρῶες.. πτῶσσον ὑ. κρημνούς 21.26

    ;

    ἀγέροντο.. ἄλσος ὕ. σκιερόν Od.20.278

    ;

    τρωφεὶς ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν IG42(1).122.120

    (Epid., iv B.C.);

    οὐλὴ ὑπ' ὀφθαλμὸν δεξιόν PCair.Zen76.13

    (iii B.C.);

    ὑ. τὸ μέρος τοῦ ἐνοφειλομένου ὑπογραψάτω ὅσον ἰδίᾳ ἔχει PRev.Laws 19.2

    (iii B.C.);

    κείμενος ὑ. τὸν ὀμφαλόν Sor.1.7

    , cf. 67, al.;

    ὑ. τὰς πύλας ἵππων πόδες φαίνονται Th.5.10

    ;

    μὴ ὑποτιθέναι κύλικα ὑ. τὴν κλίνην IG12(5).593

    A21 (Ceos, v B. C.); ὑ. τὸν ὀδόν ib.42(1).102.249 (Epid., iv B.C.);

    καταψύξατε ὑ. τὸ δένδρον LXX Ge.18.4

    ; ὑ. τὸν λέβητα ib.Ec.7.7(6); ὑ. τοὺς πόδας ib.La.3.34;

    εἰς τοὺς ὑ. πόδα χωρεῖ τόπους Dsc.5.75

    (v.

    πούς 1.6

    g); ἡ ὑ. πόδα (sc. γραμμή ) the base of a triangle, Hero *Mens.55; also ὑπ' αὐγὰς.. λεύσσουσαι πέπλους holding them up to the light, E.Hec. 1154; also ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν close to the eye, Arist. Pr. 874a9;

    ὑποκειμένης τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑ. τὴν Ἀττικήν Isoc.4.108

    ;

    ὑπ' αὐτὴν ἐσχάτην στήλην ἔχων ἔχριμπτ' ἀεὶ σύριγγα S.El. 720

    ;

    εἰ θεωρήσειεν ὑπ' αὐγὰς τὸν ἀνθρώπειον βίον Iamb.Protr.8

    (cf.

    αὐγή 1

    ): of subordinate position.

    κατακλίνεσθαι ὑ. τινά Luc.Symp.9

    ; τίς ὑ. τίνα; who is next to whom, Onos.10.2.
    b Math., ὁ κύβος ὁ ὑ. τὴν.. σφαῖραν inscribed in the sphere, Papp.440.5;

    εἶναι ὑ. τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος Euc.11.29

    , Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19; ὑ. τὰν αὐτὰν γωνίαν subtending.., Id.Aren. 1.20 (cj.), cf. 21;

    αἱ γωνίαι ὑφ' ἃς αἱ ὁμόλογοι πλευραὶ ὑποτείνουσι Euc.6.6

    ,al.
    II of subjection, control, dependence, never in Hom., once in Hdt.,

    ὑ. βασιλέα δασμοφόρος 7.108

    ;

    ὑ. σφᾶς ποιεῖσθαι Th.4.60

    , cf. Pl.R. 348d, Arist. HA 488a10, etc.;

    ἕως κα ᾖ ὑ. τὸν πατέρα Test.Epict.3.29

    ;

    ὑ. τιν' ἦν τῶν βασιλέων Men.340

    ;

    τί δ' οὐ κρατέοντος ὑπ' ἰσχύν; Call.Jov.75

    , cf. 74;

    ὑ. Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον Sammelb. 5616

    (i A.D.), POxy.722.6 (i/ii A.D.), etc. (v.

    ἥλιος 11.1

    );

    ὑ. θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον Michel854.52

    (Halic., iii B.C.);

    τοῦ τοπαρχοῦντος ὑ. σέ PCair.Zen.322.3

    (iii B.C.);

    στρατενσάμενον ὑ. ἄρχοντα Ἀντίοχον IG12(1).43.7

    ([place name] Rhodes);

    μηδὲ ὑ. δεσπότην ὤν LXXPr. 6.7

    , cf. Ps.143.2; for ὑ. χεῖρα, v. χείρ; οἱ ὑ. τινά X.Cyr.3.3.6,8.8.5, etc.;

    τοῖς ὑφ' αὑτὸν τεταγμένοις GDI3750.75

    ([place name] Rhodes).
    III of Time, in the course of, during, or to be left untranslated in English,

    ἐκέλευε Τοωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθ' ὕ. τήνδ' ὀλοήν Il.22.102

    ;

    ὑ. τὴν νύκτα ταύτην Hdt.9.51

    , cf. 58; ὑ. τὴν πρώτην ἐπελθοῦσαν νύκτα ἀπέδρη Id 6.2;

    τῆς κολοκύνθης.. ἣ ἐγενήθη ὑ. νύκτα καὶ ὑ. νύκτα ἀπώλετο LXXJn.4.10

    : rarely with stress on the duration, πάνθ' ὑ. μηνιθμόν throughout its continuance, Il.16.202;

    ὑ. τὸν παρεόντα τόνδε πόλεμον Hdt.9.60

    ; οὐδὲν τῶν κατ' Αἴγυπτον ὑ. ταῦτα ἑτεροιωθῆναι during that time, Id.2.142;

    ὑ. τὸν χρόνον ὃν οἱ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσιοι ἦρχον οἵδε ἐθεόρεον IG12(8).276.4

    ([place name] Thasos).
    2 also of Time, about, sts. more precisely at, and of events, about or at the time of, ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν χρόνον ὅτε .. Ar.Ach. 139, cf. Hdt.7.165;

    ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν καιρόν Plb. 11.27.4

    , 16.15.8; ὑφ' ἕνα καιρόν at one time, Diog.Oen.38;

    ὑ. τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Th.2.26

    ;

    ὑ. τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Id.1.100

    ;

    ὑ. τὸν σεισμόν Id.2.27

    , cf. Plb.4.33.5, Plu.Alex.14; ὑ. τὴν ἑωθινήν, ὑ. τὴν ὄρφνην, Plb. 18.19.5,7;

    ὑ. τὸν ὄρθρον Act.Ap.5.21

    , Gp.2.4.3; ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς περιπάτους ὑ. τὸ ψῦχος in the cool of the morning, Plb.5.56.10; ὑφ' ἓν πάντες all at once, at the same time, Arr.Epict.3.22.33, cf. S.E.M. 10.124, Sor.1.103, al.; παιδάριον ὑ. τὴν ἀναπνοὴν ἑπτὰ καὶ πέντε στίχους συνεῖρον in one breath, Plb.10.47.9; ὑφ' ἓν ἐκτρῖψαι at one blow, LXX Wi.12.9; ὑ. μίαν ἄρσιν καὶ θέσιν ἀνατείνοντες καὶ κατατιθέμενοι, of a squad of diggers, Gp.2.45.5; ὑ. μίαν φωνήν Aristeas 178; πῶς γὰρ ἂν ὑ. τὰς αὐτὰς ἡμέρας ἔν τε τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Κιλικίᾳ.. πολεμήσειε; at the same time, D.C.36.35; sts. c. part., ὑ. τὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα at the time of its burning, Hdt.1.51; ὑ. τὴν κατάλυσιν τοῦ πολέμου just at the end, X.Mem.2.8.1, cf. Plu.Mar.46; ὑ. τὸν θυμὸν ἐκ χειρὸς ἐπιστρατευσαμένων at the very time of their anger, Plb. 2.19.10;

    ὑ. παροξυσμόν Gal.19.215

    ; παραδόντω τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσι εἰς τὸν ὑπ' αὐτὰ (or ὕπαυτα as Adv. = ἑξῆς)

    ἐνιαυτόν IG9(1).694.60

    (Corc., ii/i B.C.);

    ὑ. κύνα Arist.HA 547a14

    , Thphr.CP1.13.3, D.S.19.109;

    ὑ. τὰς θερινὰς [τροπὰς] καὶ τοῦ κυνὸς τὴν ἐπιτολήν Gp.2.6.17

    .
    IV of accompaniment,

    ὑπὸ ὄρχησίν τε καὶ ᾠδήν Pl.Lg. 670a

    ;

    ὑ. αὐλὸν διαλέγεσθαι X.Smp.6.3

    codd. (ὑ. τοῦ αὐλοῦ Cobet); ὑ. κήρυκα (v.

    κῆρυξ 1.3

    ).—Compare A.11.5, B.11.4.
    2 ὄνον ἕνα ὑ. λαχανόσπερμον laden with.., Meyer Ostr.81.2 (i A. D.), cf. PFay.p.324 (i A.D.);

    ὄνοι ὑ. δένδρα BGU 362i6

    , al. (iii A.D.); cf. supr. A.11.8.
    D POSITION: ὑ. can follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe ὕπο. It is freq. separated from the Subst. by intervening words, as in Il.2.465, Od.5.320, 7.130:— ὑπαί is placed after its case in A. Eu. 417, S.El. 1418, Inach. l.c., although acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.480 it cannot suffer anastrophe.
    E AS ADV., under, below, beneath, freq. in Hom.; esp. of young animals, under the mother, i.e. at the breast, Od.4.636, 21.23.
    2 behind, Hdt.7.61: cf. C. 1.
    II ὑπ' ἐκ or ὑπέκ, v. ὑπέκ.—In Hom. the separation of the Prep. from its Verb by tmesis is very freq., and sts. it follows, in which case it suffers anastrophe,

    φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Od.9.17

    .
    F IN COMPOSITION:
    I under, as well of rest as of motion, as in ὕπειμι, ὑποβαίνω, etc.
    2 of the casing or covering of one thing with another, as ὑπάργυρος, ὑπόχρυσος.
    3 of the agency or influence under which a thing is done, to express subjection or subordination, ὑποδαμνάω, ὑποδμώς, ὑφηνίοχος, cf. ἐπί G. 111.
    II denoting what is in small degree or gradual, somewhat, a little, as in ὑποκινέω, ὑποδεής, ὑπόλευκος (so in tmesi,

    ὑ. τι ἀσεβῆ Pl.Phdr. 242d

    , cf. Grg. 493c;

    ὑ. τι μικρὸν ἐπιθήκισα Ar.V. 1290

    (lyr.)).
    III underhand, secretly, as in ὑποθέω, ὑποθωπεύω, ὑποκορίζομαι, ὑπόρνυμι.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπό

  • 20 σωτηρία

    σωτηρία, ας, ἡ (Trag., Hdt.+)
    deliverance, preservation, w. focus on physical aspect: fr. impending death, esp. on the sea (IMaronIsis 11; Diod S 3, 40, 1 λιμὴν σωτηρίας; 2 Macc 3:32; GrBar 1:3; Philo, Mos. 1, 317; Jos., Ant. 7, 5; 183; Ar. 3, 2) Ac 27:34; Hb 11:7. Of the deliverance of the Israelites fr. Egyptian bondage (Jos., Ant. 2, 331) Ac 7:25 (διδόναι σωτηρίαν on the part of a deity: Menand., Col. Fgm. 292, 5=1, 5 Kö.). Survival of a hand punished by fire GJs 20:3. A transition to mng. 2 is found in Lk 1:71, where σωτηρία ἐξ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν deliverance from the hand of our enemies is expected (cp. Ps 105:10 and ApcPt Rainer ἐν σωτηρίᾳ Ἀχερουσίας λίμνης, where the ref. is to a baptism marking the beginning of life in Elysium); 1 Cl 39:9 (Job 5:4).—S. λίμνη, end.
    salvation, w. focus on transcendent aspects (LXX, Just., Iren; cp. Herm. Wr. 7, 2 [on salvation through gnosis s. GLuck, SBLSP 24, ’85, 315–20]; Ael. Aristid., Sacr. Serm. 3, 46 p. 424 Keil ἐγένετο φῶς παρὰ τῆς Ἴσιδος καὶ ἕτερα ἀμύθητα φέροντα εἰς σωτηρίαν; the Hymn to Attis in Firmicus Maternus, De Errore Prof. Relig. 22, 1 Θαρρεῖτε μύσται τοῦ θεοῦ σεσωσμένου. Ἔσται γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐκ πόνων σωτηρία [HHepding, Attis, seine Mythen u. sein Kult 1903, 167]. The Lat. ‘salus’ in the description of the Isis ceremony in Apuleius corresponds to the Gk. σωτηρία [GAnrich, Das antike Mysterienwesen 1894, 47f; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 39]). In our lit. this sense is found only in connection w. Jesus Christ as Savior. This salvation makes itself known and felt in the present, but it will be completely disclosed in the future. Opp. ἀπώλεια Phil 1:28 (Mel., P. 49, 356; on the probability of military metaphor s. EKrentz, in Origins and Method, JHurd Festschr., ed. BMcLean, ’93, 125f); θάνατος (cp. Damasc., Vi. Isid. 131: through Attis and the Mother of the Gods there comes ἡ ἐξ ᾅδου γεγονυῖα ἡμῶν σωτ.) 2 Cor 7:10; ὀργή 1 Th 5:9. W. ζωή 2 Cl 19:1; ζωὴ αἰώνιος IEph 18:1. σωτηρία αἰώνιος (Is 45:17) Hb 5:9; short ending of Mk; ἣ κοινὴ ἡμῶν σωτ. Jd 3 (SIG 409, 33f ἀγωνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας); σωτ. ψυχῶν salvation of souls 1 Pt 1:9 (ς. τῶν ψυχῶν Hippol., Ref. 10, 19, 3); cp. vs. 10 (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 252f). σωτηρία ἡ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν MPol 22:1. ἡ τῶν σῳζομένων σωτ. 17:2 (ἡ ς. τῶν μετανοούντων Did., Gen. 71, 28; σωτηρία τῶν ἀγαθῶν Hippol., Ref. 7, 28, 6; ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ς. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 73, 13). On κέρας σωτηρίας Lk 1:69 s. κέρας 3. σωτηρίας as objective gen. dependent upon various nouns: γνῶσις σωτηρίας Lk 1:77; ἐλπὶς σωτ. (TestJob 24:1; cp. Philemo Com. 181 οἱ θεὸν σέβοντες ἐλπίδας καλὰς ἔχουσιν εἰς σωτηρίαν) 1 Th 5:8; 2 Cl 1:7; ἔνδειξις σωτ. Phil 1:28 (opp. ἀπώλεια). τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς σωτηρίας ὑμῶν Eph 1:13. ὁ λόγος τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης Ac 13:26. ὁδὸς σωτηρίας way to salvation 16:17; περιποίησις σωτ. 1 Th 5:9. ἡμέρα σωτηρίας (quot. fr. Is 49:8) of the day when the apostle calls them to salvation 2 Cor 6:2ab (cp. the mystery in Apuleius, Metam. 11, 5 ‘dies salutaris’ = ‘day of initiation’). Christ is ὁ ἀρχηγὸς τῆς σωτ. Hb 2:10 (ἀρχηγός 3). ὁ θεὸς τῆς σωτ. μου 1 Cl 18:14 (Ps 50:16).—Used w. verbs: ἔχειν σωτηρίαν Hv 2, 2, 5; 3, 6, 1; m 10, 2, 4; 12, 3, 6. κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν Hb 1:14. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σωτ. κατεργάζεσθαι Phil 2:12 (κατεργάζομαι 2). σωτηρίας τυχεῖν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰ. 2 Ti 2:10 (τυχεῖν σωτηρίας: Diod S 11, 4, 4; 11, 9, 1). εἰς σωτηρίαν for salvation (i.e. to appropriate it for oneself or grant it to another) Ro 1:16; 10:1, 10; 2 Cor 7:10; Phil 1:19 (ἀποβαίνω 2); 2 Th 2:13; 2 Ti 3:15; 1 Pt 2:2. πόρρω … ἀπὸ τῆς σωτ. 1Cl 39:9 (Job 3:4). τὰ ἀνήκοντα εἰς σωτηρίαν the things that pertain to salvation 1 Cl 45:1; B 17:1 (cp. SIG 1157, 12f).—σωτηρία is plainly expected to be fully culminated w. the second coming of the Lord Ro 13:11; Hb 9:28; 1 Pt 1:5.—(ἡ) σωτηρία without further qualification= salvation is also found Lk 19:9 (cp. GJs 19:2); J 4:22 (ἡ σωτ. ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν); Ac 4:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 23 ἐν θεῷ εἶναι τ. σωτηρίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐν ἄλλῳ); Ro 11:11; 2 Cor 1:6; Hb 2:3 (τηλικαύτη σωτ.); 6:9. ἡ σωτ. ἡμῶν 2 Cl 1:1; 17:5; B 2:10.—Christ died even for the salvation of the repentant Ninevites in the time of Jonah 1 Cl 7:7; cp. vs. 4.—σωτηρία stands by metonymy for σωτήρ (in the quot. fr. Is 49:6) τοῦ εἶναί σε εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς Ac 13:47; B 14:8. On the other hand, for a circumstance favorable for our attainment of salvation ἡγεῖσθαί τι σωτηρίαν 2 Pt 3:15.—In the three places in Rv in which σωτ. appears as part of a doxology we have a Hebraism (salvation as victory intimately associated w. God; PEllingworth, BT 34, ’83, 444f; cp. Ps 3:9 and PsSol 10:8 τοῦ κυρίου ἡ σωτηρία) 7:10; 12:10; 19:1.—LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 248–66; HHaerens, Σωτήρ et σωτηρία dans la religion grecque: Studia Hellenistica 5, ’48, 57–68; FDölger, Ac 6, ’50, 257–63.—DELG s.v. σῶς. RLoewe, JTS 32, ’81, 341–68 (ins pp. 364–68). DBS XI 486–739. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σωτηρία

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